Expression and function of thrombospondin-1 in myelinating glial cells of the central nervous system

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanna Scott-Drew ◽  
Charles ffrench-Constant
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Thrombospondin 1 ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Glioendocrine System: Effects of Thyroid Hormones in Glia and their Functions in the Central Nervous System

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mami Noda
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function

AbstractGlial cells play a significant role in the link between the endocrine and nervous systems. Among hormones, thyroid hormones (THs) are critical for the regulation of development and differentiation of neurons and glial cells, and hence for development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). THs are transported into the CNS, metabolized in astrocytes and affect various cell types in the CNS including astrocyte itself. Since 3,3’,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) is apparently released from astrocytes in the CNS, it is a typical example of glia-endocrine system.The prevalence of thyroid disorders increases with age. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are reported to increase the risk of cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, understanding the neuroglial effects of THs may help to solve the problem why hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism may cause mental disorders or become a risk factor for cognitive impairment. In this review, THs are focused among wide variety of hormones related to brain function, and recent advancement in glioendocrine system is described.

Inflammatory cytokines within the central nervous system: sources, function, and mechanism of action

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. C1-C16 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Benveniste
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Activated T Lymphocytes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function

In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that soluble mediators such as cytokines from activated T lymphocytes and macrophages are able to modulate the growth and function of cells found within the central nervous system (CNS), specifically macroglia and microglia cells. Furthermore, glial cells, upon activation, can secrete immunoregulatory factors that influence lymphoid/mononuclear cells as well as the glial cells themselves. Thus the potential exists for bidirectional communication between lymphoid cells and glial cells within the CNS, which in part is mediated via cytokines. This review describes various neurological disease states in which both immune and glial cells may contribute to inflammation and immunologic events occurring in the CNS. The mechanisms by which glial cells both respond to and synthesize a variety of cytokines within the CNS and the capacity of glial cells to acquire major histocompatibility complex antigens and function as antigen-presenting cells within the CNS are described in detail. The implications of these functions, cytokine secretion and antigen presentation, by glial cells are discussed with respect to neurological diseases associated with autoimmunity and/or inflammation.

Expression and Function of Neurotransmitter Receptors in Glial Cells of the Central Nervous System

1998 ◽  
pp. 167-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Matute ◽  
David J. Fogarty ◽  
José María García-Barcina ◽  
Miroslav Gottlieb ◽  
María José Morán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function

Neural Stem Cells to Glial Cells an Important Factor for Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithiv K R Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Near Future

Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into any type of cell or organ. Stems cell originate from any part of the body, including the brain. Brain cells or rather neural stem cells have the capacitive advantage of differentiating into the central nervous system leading to the formation of neurons and glial cells. Neural stem cells should have a source by editing DNA, or by mixings chemical enzymes of iPSCs. By this method, a limitless number of neuron stem cells can be obtained. Increase in supply of NSCs help in repairing glial cells which in-turn heal the central nervous system. Generally, brain injuries cause motor and sensory deficits leading to stroke. With all trials from novel therapeutic methods to enhanced rehabilitation time, the economy and quality of life is suppressed. Only PSCs have proven effective for grafting cells into NSCs. Neurons derived from stem cells is the only challenge that limits in-vitro usage in the near future.

scholarly journals Amino acid sequence of the encephalitogenic basic protein from human myelin

1971 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Carnegie
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Myelin from the central nervous system contains an unusual basic protein, which can induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The basic protein from human brain was digested with trypsin and other enzymes and the sequence of the 170 amino acids was determined. The localization of the encephalitogenic determinants was described. Possible roles for the protein in the structure and function of myelin are discussed.

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